Sentence: "By next month, I _____ in this city for five years."
Correct Answer: "will have lived"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Future Perfect tense. We use this tense to talk about an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future. In this case, the action of living in the city will be completed (for a duration of five years) by a future point (next month).
Structure: will + have + past participle
Sentence: "If I _____ earlier, I wouldn't have missed the train."
Correct Answer: "had left"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Third Conditional, which is used to talk about impossible situations in the past. It expresses regret or criticism about something that didn't happen.
Structure: If + Past Perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle
Sentence: "She _____ to the store when it started raining."
Correct Answer: "was going"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Past Continuous tense. We use this tense to describe an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past or when another action interrupted it.
Structure: was/were + verb-ing
Sentence: "They _____ dinner by the time we arrive."
Correct Answer: "will have finished"
Explanation: This is another example of the Future Perfect tense. It's used to express that an action will be completed before a specific time in the future.
Structure: will + have + past participle
Sentence: "I wish I _____ how to swim."
Correct Answer: "knew"
Explanation: This sentence uses the subjunctive mood, specifically with "wish" to express a desire for a current situation to be different. It uses the past tense form of the verb, even though it's referring to the present.
Sentence: "By the end of this year, I _____ at this company for a decade."
Correct Answer: "will have been working"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Future Perfect Continuous tense. We use this tense to talk about an action that will continue up until a particular point in the future.
Structure: will + have + been + verb-ing
Sentence: "If it _____ tomorrow, we'll have to cancel the picnic."
Correct Answer: "rains"
Explanation: This sentence uses the First Conditional, which is used to talk about real and possible situations in the future. In the if-clause of the First Conditional, we use the Simple Present tense.
Structure: If + Simple Present, will + base form of verb
Sentence: "She _____ her keys, so she couldn't enter the house."
Correct Answer: "had forgotten"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Past Perfect tense. We use this tense to talk about an action that happened before another action in the past.
Structure: had + past participle
Sentence: "This time next week, we _____ on a beach in Hawaii."
Correct Answer: "will be lying"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Future Continuous tense. We use this tense to talk about an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future.
Structure: will + be + verb-ing
Sentence: "I _____ sushi before I visited Japan."
Correct Answer: "had never eaten"
Explanation: This is another example of the Past Perfect tense, used here to describe an experience (or lack thereof) before a point in the past.
Structure: had + never + past participle
Sentence: "If I _____ rich, I would travel the world."
Correct Answer: "were"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Second Conditional, which is used to talk about unreal or impossible situations in the present. Note that "were" is used for all subjects in this construction.
Structure: If + Past Simple (were for be), would + base form of verb
Sentence: "By the time you read this email, I _____ the project."
Correct Answer: "will have completed"
Explanation: This is another example of the Future Perfect tense, used to describe an action that will be completed before a specific future time.
Structure: will + have + past participle
Sentence: "She _____ for hours before she finally took a break."
Correct Answer: "had been working"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Past Perfect Continuous tense. We use this tense to talk about an action that continued up until another time in the past.
Structure: had + been + verb-ing
Sentence: "I _____ to the gym three times a week for the past month."
Correct Answer: "have been going"
Explanation: This sentence uses the Present Perfect Continuous tense. We use this tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues up to the present.
Structure: have/has + been + verb-ing
Sentence: "If you _____ me, I would have helped you."
Correct Answer: "had asked"
Explanation: This is another example of the Third Conditional, used to talk about an impossible situation in the past. It expresses a regret about something that didn't happen.
Structure: If + Past Perfect, would + have + past participle
Sentence: "If you _____ me, I would have helped you."
Correct Answer: "had asked"
Explanation: This is another example of the Third Conditional, used to talk about an impossible situation in the past. It expresses a regret about something that didn't happen.
Structure: If + Past Perfect, would + have + past participle